What are physical and transition climate risks?

Small green plant sprout growing from cracked, dry soil

Physical and transition climate risks describe two key risk categories arising from climate change and the transition to a low-emission economy. Both are an integral part of robust climate risk analyses and play a central role in climate strategies and sustainability reporting. Physical climate risks arise from the direct impacts of climate change on the […]

What are Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions?

Four wind turbines on forested hills under a cloudy sky

Scope 1, 2, and 3 describe the different categories of a company’s greenhouse gas emissions according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. They help to systematically record emissions and assign them to their point of origin. Scope 1 emissions include all direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources that a company owns or controls. These include, for […]